Yes, Japan ratified the United Nations Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) in 1985. The CEDAW requires that all legal, political, social, and cultural structures that prevent women from equal rights with men be eliminated.
However, Japan is widely considered to be one of the worst jurisdictions in East Asia for gender equality. Here are some of the issues with gender equality in Japan: Women are underrepresented in the legislature. The government is reluctant to adopt quotas and other positive measures to promote equality. The judiciary is conservative and rarely cites CEDAW. Japan lacks a clear definition of discrimination. Japan lacks a law that comprehensively prohibits discrimination. Japan lacks an institutional framework to combat discrimination. In 2024, Japan ranked 118th among 146 countries in the Global Gender Gap Index, the lowest among the Group of Seven industrialized nations
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